How does the animal hide become leather

The principles of leather making have not substantially changed over the centuries. Of course modern production methods are much more technologically precise as leather makers have developed their art and science. Leather making is a science and is constantly inventive as new finishes and purposes for leather are identified. Leather has to compete with modern materials so continuous research and development into production methods is key.

The majority of leather in Europe is produced on an industrial scale. Pockets of by-hand production remain where there is a need for smaller volumes of a specific finish. Northamptonshire is still home to some firms that make leather to order. Trade enquires can be directed to the leather manufacturers section of the directory.

In short, the hide is preserved then 'tanned' which means it is cleaned, soaked, tanned (the complex process that stabilises the proteins in the hide), softened, dyed, embossed and the grain enhanced. There are many different ways to tan leather, but the most common method uses chromium-based products. Chromium is found in many forms in nature, and is the seventh most abundant metal on our planet. The materials used for 'chrome' tanning are non-hazardous, and these leathers have been worn in close skin contact for more than 100-years. Few products have been subjected to longer safety evaluation. Leather has stood the test of time. Processes that take place after tanning are called finishing and dressing.

For a more detailed explanation of the processes involved go to www.all-about-leather.co.uk/allabout/leather/tanning.php. Also see the 'how can I learn more' section.